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Abstract A Cantor series expansion for a real number x with respect to a basic sequence $$Q=(q_1,q_2,\dots )$$ , where $$q_i \geq 2$$ , is a generalization of the base b expansion to an infinite sequence of bases. Ki and Linton in 1994 showed that for ordinary base b expansions the set of normal numbers is a $$\boldsymbol {\Pi }^0_3$$ -complete set, establishing the exact complexity of this set. In the case of Cantor series there are three natural notions of normality: normality, ratio normality, and distribution normality. These notions are equivalent for base b expansions, but not for more general Cantor series expansions. We show that for any basic sequence the set of distribution normal numbers is $$\boldsymbol {\Pi }^0_3$$ -complete, and if Q is $$1$$ -divergent then the sets of normal and ratio normal numbers are $$\boldsymbol {\Pi }^0_3$$ -complete. We further show that all five non-trivial differences of these sets are $$D_2(\boldsymbol {\Pi }^0_3)$$ -complete if $$\lim _i q_i=\infty $$ and Q is $$1$$ -divergent. This shows that except for the trivial containment that every normal number is ratio normal, these three notions are as independent as possible. 

A sofic approximation to a countable group is a sequence of partial actions on finite sets that asymptotically approximates the action of the group on itself by left-translations. A group is sofic if it admits a sofic approximation. Sofic entropy theory is a generalization of classical entropy theory in dynamics to actions by sofic groups. However, the sofic entropy of an action may depend on a choice of sofic approximation. All previously known examples showing this dependence rely on degenerate behavior. This paper exhibits an explicit example of a mixing subshift of finite type with two different positive sofic entropies. The example is inspired by statistical physics literature on 2-colorings of random hyper-graphs. 

Abstract Let $$\mathcal {N}(b)$$ be the set of real numbers that are normal to base b . A well-known result of Ki and Linton [19] is that $$\mathcal {N}(b)$$ is $$\boldsymbol {\Pi }^0_3$$ -complete. We show that the set $${\mathcal {N}}^\perp (b)$$ of reals, which preserve $$\mathcal {N}(b)$$ under addition, is also $$\boldsymbol {\Pi }^0_3$$ -complete. We use the characterization of $${\mathcal {N}}^\perp (b),$$ given by Rauzy, in terms of an entropy-like quantity called the noise . It follows from our results that no further characterization theorems could result in a still better bound on the complexity of $${\mathcal {N}}^\perp (b)$$ . We compute the exact descriptive complexity of other naturally occurring sets associated with noise. One of these is complete at the $$\boldsymbol {\Pi }^0_4$$ level. Finally, we get upper and lower bounds on the Hausdorff dimension of the level sets associated with the noise.